physics Term-thermodinamic

THERMODINAMIC
Absolute humidity:	The ratio of water vapor in a sample of air to the volume of the sample.
Absolute zero:	The temperature of - 273.16 or 0 K at which molecular motion vanishes.
Angular momentum:	Also called moment of momentum, it is the cross product of position vector and momentum.
Angular velocity:	The rate of change of angular displacement with time.
Archimedes principle:	A body immersed in a fluid experiences an apparent loss in weight which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.
Boyle's law:	For a given mass of a gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas is inversely proportional to the pressure.
Carnot's theorem:	No engine operating between two temperatures can be more efficient than a reversible engine working between the same two temperatures.
Charles' law:	For a given mass of a gas at constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the temperature.
Clausius' statement of second law of Thermodynamics:	It is not possible that at the end of a cycle of changes heat has been transferred from a colder body to a hotter body without producing some other effect.
Closed system:	The system which cannot exchange heat or matter with the surroundings.
Coefficient of linear expansion:	The increase in length per unit original length per degree rise in temperature.
Coefficient of superficial expansion:	The increase in area per unit original area per degree rise in temperature.
Coefficient of volumetric expansion:	The increase in volume per unit original volume per degree rise in temperature.
Condensation point:	The temperature at which a gas or vapor changes back to liquid.
Conduction:	The transfer of heat from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature by increased kinetic energy moving from molecule to molecule.
Convection:	The transfer of heat by the actual transfer of matter.
Endothermic process:	The process in which heat is absorbed.
Exothermic process:	The process in which heat is evolved.
Ice-point:	The melting point of ice under 1 atm pressure, it is equal to 0 or 32.
Ideal gas Equation:	PV = nRT
Insulators:	Materials like wood that are poor conductors of heat or electricity.
Isobaric process:	In which pressure remains constant.
Isochoric process:	In which volume remains constant.
Isothermal process:	In which temperature remains constant.
Joule's law of heating:	The heat produced when a current 'I' flows through a resistor 'R' for a given time't' is given by Q =I2Rt.
Kelvin's statement of second law of thermodynamics:	It is impossible that, at the end of a cycle of changes, heat has been extracted from a reservoir and an equal amount of work has been produced without producing some other effect.
Kilocalorie:	The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1 , 1 Kcal = 1000 calories.
Latent heat of fusion:	The quantity of heat required to convert one unit mass of a substance from solid to the liquid state at its melting point without any change in its temperature.
Latent heat of sublimation:	The quantity of heat required to convert one unit mass of a substance from solid to gaseous state without any change in its temperature.
Latent heat of vaporization:	The quantity of heat required to convert one unit mass of a substance from liquid to gaseous state at its boiling point without any change in its temperature.
Millibar:	A measure of atmospheric pressure equivalent to 1000 dynes per cm 2.
Modulus of elasticity:	The ratio of stress to the strain produced in a body.
Q unit:	A unit of energy, used in measuring the heat energy of fuel reserves, equal to 1018 British thermal units, or approximately 1.055x1021 joules.
Semiconductors:	Elements whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a conductor and an insulator.
Specific heat:	The amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1 .
Steam-point:	It is the temperature of steam over pure boiling water under 1 atm pressure. It is equal to 100 or 212 .
Thermal Capacity:	The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of the whole body by 1 .
Thermal Equilibrium:	When the two bodies in contact are at the same temperature and there is no flow of heat between them, these are said to be in thermal equilibrium.
Thermal Expansion:	The increase in the size of an object on heating.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics:	If body A is in thermal equilibrium with body B, and B is also in thermal equilibrium with C, then A is necessarily in thermal equilibrium with C.